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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, May 2003, p. 411-416, Vol. 10, No. 3
1071-412X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.10.3.411-416.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Frequency of Measles Virus-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Subjects Seronegative or Highly Seropositive for Measles Vaccine

Inna G. Ovsyannikova,1 Neelam Dhiman,1 Robert M. Jacobson,2 Robert A. Vierkant,3 and Gregory A. Poland1,4*

Mayo Vaccine Research Group,1 Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine,2 Department of Health Sciences Research,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 559054

Received 1 November 2002/ Returned for modification 8 February 2003/ Accepted 10 March 2003

The protective effect of measles immunization is due to humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. Our study characterizes cellular immune response in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine immunoglobulin G-specific antibody, aged 15 to 25 years, previously immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella II vaccine. We evaluated the ability of subjects to respond to measles vaccine virus by measuring measles virus-specific T-cell proliferation. We examined the frequencies of measles virus-specific memory Th1 and Th2 cells by an ELISPOT assay. Our results demonstrated that proliferation of T cells in seronegative subjects was significantly lower than that for highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.003). Gamma interferon (IFN-{gamma}) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-{gamma} was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.04). The median frequency of CD4+ T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.005). These data confirm the presence of measles virus-specific cellular immune responses post-measles vaccine immunization in humans. The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-{gamma} and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. These differences agree in directionality with the observed antibody response phenotype.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, 611C Guggenheim Building, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: (507) 284-4968. Fax: (507) 266-4716. E-mail: poland.gregory{at}mayo.edu.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, May 2003, p. 411-416, Vol. 10, No. 3
1071-412X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.10.3.411-416.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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