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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 1998, p. 550-555, Vol. 5, No. 4
1071-412X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Interpretations of Antibody Responses to Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis gm Flagellin in Poultry Flocks Are Enhanced by a Kinetics-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Patrick L. McDonough,1,* Richard H. Jacobson,1 John F. Timoney,2,dagger Ahmed Mutalib,3,Dagger David C. Kradel,4,§ Yung-fu Chang,1 Sang J. Shin,1 Donald H. Lein,1 Susan Trock,5 and Kaye Wheeler5

Diagnostic Laboratory,1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology,2 and Department of Avian and Aquatic Animal Medicine,3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 168024; and Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, New York 122355

Received 15 October 1997/Returned for modification 20 November 1997/Accepted 12 May 1998

Many regulatory and diagnostic programs for the detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infection in commercial poultry flocks have relied on rapid Pullorum agglutination tests to screen birds because of the shared antigens of S. enterica Enteritidis and S. enterica Pullorum and Gallinarum; however, the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format affords better analytical sensitivity than crude agglutination tests. In this study, we adapted our earlier conventional indirect ELISA, using gm flagellin as the antigen, to a kinetics-based, computer-controlled ELISA (KELA). The KELA was used to screen for flagellin antibody from three commercial flocks: (i) a large flock involved in a U.S. Department of Agriculture trace back from a human S. enterica Enteritidis foodborne outbreak (n = 3,209), (ii) a flock infected with the endemic S. enterica Enteritidis serotype but which also had multiple other salmonella serotypes (n = 65), and (iii) an S. enterica Pullorum-infected flock (n = 12). The first flock (S. enterica Enteritidis prevalence of 2.45% based on culture) provided a field test of the KELA and allowed the calculation of diagnostic sensitivity (D-Sn) and diagnostic specificity (D-Sp). With a cutoff of 10 (used for screening flocks [i.e., high sensitivity]), the KELA has a D-Sn of 95.2% and a D-Sp of 18.5%; with a cutoff of 140 (used in confirmatory flock testing [i.e., high specificity]), the KELA has a D-Sn of 28.0% and a D-Sp of 99.1%. We found that with a cutoff of 60 (D-Sn = 63.1%; D-Sp = 91.6%), we could eliminate reactions in the KELA caused by other non-S. enterica Enteritidis salmonellae. The KELA was also compared to two commercial rapid Pullorum tests, the Solvay (D-Sn = 94.9%; D-Sp = 55.5%) and the Vineland (D-Sn = 62.0%; D-Sp = 75.3%).


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 253-3900. Fax: (607) 253-3943. E-mail: plm2{at}cornell.edu.

dagger Present address: The Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.

Dagger Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39757.

§ Present address: PA Poultry Federation, Harrisburg, PA 17109.


Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 1998, p. 550-555, Vol. 5, No. 4
1071-412X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.