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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, September 2002, p. 1021-1024, Vol. 9, No. 5
1071-412X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1021-1024.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Induce Mucosal Immunity and Protection against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Qing He,* Alaina Mitchell, Tulin Morcol, and Steve J. D. Bell

BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Smyrna, Georgia 30082

Received 28 January 2002/ Returned for modification 15 March 2002/ Accepted 6 May 2002

Previously we reported that calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CAP) represented a superior alternative to alum adjuvants in mice immunized with viral protein. Additionally, we showed that CAP was safe and elicited no detectable immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. In this study, we demonstrated that following mucosal delivery of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antigen with CAP, CAP adjuvant enhanced protective systemic and mucosal immunity versus live virus. Mice were immunized intravaginally and intranasally with HSV-2 protein plus CAP adjuvant (HSV-2+CAP), CAP alone, phosphate-buffered saline, or HSV-2 alone. HSV-2+CAP induced HSV-specific mucosal IgA and IgG and concurrently enhanced systemic IgG responses. Our results demonstrate the potency of CAP as a mucosal adjuvant. Furthermore, we show that systemic immunity could be induced via the mucosal route following inoculation with CAP-based vaccine. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies were found in the sera of mice immunized intranasally or intravaginally with HSV-2+CAP. Also, the results of our in vivo experiments indicated that mice vaccinated with HSV-2+CAP were protected against live HSV-2 infection. In conclusion, these preclinical data support the hypothesis that CAP may be an effective mucosal adjuvant that protects against viral infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 4600 Highlands Parkway, Suites A&B, Smyrna, GA 30082. Phone: (770) 805-9769. Fax: (770) 805-9789. E-mail: qinghe{at}bellsouth.net.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, September 2002, p. 1021-1024, Vol. 9, No. 5
1071-412X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1021-1024.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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