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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, September 2002, p. 1057-1060, Vol. 9, No. 5
1071-412X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1057-1060.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Bacillus Species Are Present in Chewing Tobacco Sold in the United States and Evoke Plasma Exudation from the Oral Mucosa

Israel Rubinstein1,2,3* and Gerald W. Pedersen4

Departments of Medicine,1 Biopharmaceutical Sciences,2 Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago,4 Chicago VA Health Care System West Side Division,Chicago, Illinois 606123

Received 6 March 2002/ Returned for modification 10 April 2002/ Accepted 28 May 2002

Five Bacillus species, predominantly Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus, were isolated from two popular brands of commercially available chewing tobacco [(5.0 ± 1) x 106 CFU/ml of supernatant; results for four experiments]. Moreover, the supernatant of the Bacillus culture evoked plasma exudation from postcapillary venules in the intact hamster cheek pouch, exudation that was mediated by the kallikrein/kinin metabolic pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that Bacillus species contaminate chewing tobacco commercially available in the United States and elaborate a potent exogenous virulence factor(s) that injures the oral mucosa.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine (M/C 719), University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7323. Phone: (312) 996-8039. Fax: (312) 996-4665. E-mail: IRubinst{at}uic.edu.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, September 2002, p. 1057-1060, Vol. 9, No. 5
1071-412X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1057-1060.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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