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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, November 2002, p. 1270-1276, Vol. 9, No. 6
1071-412X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1270-1276.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification of Pulmonary T-Lymphocyte and Serum Antibody Isotype Responses Associated with Protection against Rhodococcus equi

A. Marianela Lopez,1 Melissa T. Hines,2 Guy H. Palmer,1 Debra C. Alperin,1 and Stephen A. Hines1*

Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology,1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-70402

Received 5 March 2002/ Returned for modification 1 May 2002/ Accepted 5 July 2002

Rhodococcus equi infects and causes pneumonia in foals between 2 and 4 months of age but does not induce disease in immunocompetent adults, which are immune and remain clinically normal upon challenge. Understanding the protective response against R. equi in adult horses is important in the development of vaccine strategies, since those mechanisms likely reflect the protective phenotype that an effective vaccine would generate in the foal. Twelve adult horses were challenged with virulent R. equi and shown to be protected against clinical disease. Stimulation of cells obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with either R. equi or the vaccine candidate protein VapA resulted in significant proliferation and a significant increase in the level of gamma interferon (IFN-{gamma}) expression by day 7 postchallenge. The levels of interleukin-4 expression were also increased at day 7 postchallenge; however, this increase was not antigen specific. Anamnestic increases in the levels of binding to R. equi and VapA of all immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody isotypes [IgGa, IgGb, IgG(T)] examined were detected postchallenge. The levels of R. equi- and VapA-specific IgGa and IgGb antibodies, the IgG isotypes that preferentially opsonize and fix complement in horses, were dramatically enhanced postchallenge. The antigen-specific proliferation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells, the levels of IFN-{gamma} expression by these cells, and the anamnestic increases in the levels of opsonizing IgG isotypes are consistent with stimulation of a memory response in immune adult horses and represent correlates for vaccine development in foals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040. Phone: (509) 335-6030. Fax: (509) 335-8529. E-mail: shines{at}vetmed.wsu.edu.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, November 2002, p. 1270-1276, Vol. 9, No. 6
1071-412X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1270-1276.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Patton, K. M., McGuire, T. C., Hines, M. T., Mealey, R. H., Hines, S. A. (2005). Rhodococcus equi-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Immune Horses and Development in Asymptomatic Foals. Infect. Immun. 73: 2083-2093 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Patton, K. M., McGuire, T. C., Fraser, D. G., Hines, S. A. (2004). Rhodococcus equi-Infected Macrophages Are Recognized and Killed by CD8+ T Lymphocytes in a Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-Unrestricted Fashion. Infect. Immun. 72: 7073-7083 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kohler, A. K., Stone, D. M., Hines, M. T., Byrne, B. A., Alperin, D. C., Norton, L. K., Hines, S. A. (2003). Rhodococcus equi Secreted Antigens Are Immunogenic and Stimulate a Type 1 Recall Response in the Lungs of Horses Immune to R. equi Infection. Infect. Immun. 71: 6329-6337 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hooper-McGrevy, K. E., Wilkie, B. N., Prescott, J. F. (2003). Immunoglobulin G Subisotype Responses of Pneumonic and Healthy, Exposed Foals and Adult Horses to Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Proteins. CVI 10: 345-351 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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