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Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi:10.1128/CVI.00080-08
Copyright (c) 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

EFFECTS OF MULTISPECIES PROBIOTIC COMBINATION IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI –INFECTION IN VITRO

Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Foundation for Nutrition Research, Helsinki, Finland; Valio Research Center, Valio Ltd., Helsinki, Finland; The Cell Therapy Research Consortium, 3^rd Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki Central Hospital, Finland

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: esko.kankuri{at}helsinki.fi.

	Abstract

Background and objectives: Probiotic bacteria alleviate many gastrointestinal symptoms, but the current trend to combine bacteria for additional benefit may complex their effects. We characterize four probiotics and their combination in terms of pathogen adhesion, barrier function, cell death, and inflammatory response in Helicobacter pylori-infected epithelial cells.

Materials and methods: H. pylori-infected Caco-2 cells were pretreated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lc705 (LC), Propionibacterium freudenreichii spp. shermanii Js (PJS), Bifidobacterium breve Bb99 (BB), or with all four in combination. We evaluated adhesion of H. pylori by in situ immunofluorescence, epithelial barrier function by transepithelial resistance, apoptosis by caspase-3 activation, cell membrane leakage by LDH release, and inflammation by release of interleukins (IL)-8 and -10, prostaglandin (PG) E₂, and leukotriene (LT) B₄.

Results: All probiotics inhibited H. pylori adhesion. LGG, LC, PJS and the combination inhibited H. pylori-induced cell membrane leakage. LGG, LC, and the combination improved epithelial barrier function initially, but increased the H. pylori-induced barrier deterioration after incubation for 24 to 42 h. LGG, LC, and PJS inhibited H. pylori-induced IL-8, whereas LGG, LC and BB strains suppressed PGE₂ release. None of these anti-inflammatory effects persisted when the probiotics were used in combination. The combination thus increased IL-8, PGE₂, and LTB₄ release from H. pylori infected epithelial cells.

Conclusion: Individual components' pro-inflammatory actions dominate over anti-inflammatory effects when probiotic bacteria are used as combination. Our results stress therapeutic response optimization by pre-combination strain characterizations.