This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Cherniak, R.
Right arrow Articles by Valafar, F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Cherniak, R.
Right arrow Articles by Valafar, F.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, March 1998, p. 146-159, Vol. 5, No. 2
1071-412X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Cryptococcus neoformans Chemotyping by Quantitative Analysis of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Glucuronoxylomannans with a Computer-Simulated Artificial Neural Network

Robert Cherniak,1,* Homayoun Valafar,2 Laura C. Morris,1 and Faramarz Valafar2

Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Biological and Chemical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta,1 and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens,2 Georgia

Received 15 September 1997/Returned for modification 11 December 1997/Accepted 30 December 1997

The complete assignment of the proton chemical shifts obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of de-O-acetylated glucuronoxylomannans (GXMs) from Cryptococcus neoformans permitted the high-resolution determination of the total structure of any GXM. Six structural motifs based on an alpha -(1right-arrow3)-mannotriose substituted with variable quantities of 2-O-beta - and 4-O-beta -xylopyranosyl and 2-O-beta -glucopyranosyluronic acid were identified. The chemical shifts of only the anomeric protons of the mannosyl residues served as structure reporter groups (SRG) for the identification and quantitation of the six triads present in any GXM. The assigned protons for the mannosyl residues resonated at clearly distinguishable positions in the spectrum and supplied all the information essential for the assignment of the complete GXM structure. This technique for assigning structure is referred to as the SRG concept. The SRG concept was used to analyze the distribution of the six mannosyl triads of GXMs obtained from 106 isolates of C. neoformans. The six mannosyl triads occurred singularly or in combination with one or more of the other triads. The identification and quantitation of the SRG were simplified by using a computer-simulated artificial neural network (ANN) to automatically analyze the SRG region of the one-dimensional proton NMR spectra. The occurrence and relative distribution of the six mannosyl triads were used to chemotype C. neoformans on the basis of subtle variations in GXM structure determined by analysis of the SRG region of the proton NMR spectrum by the ANN. The data for the distribution of the six SRGs from GXMs of 106 isolates of C. neoformans yielded eight chemotypes, Chem1 through Chem8.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303. Phone: (404) 651-3868. Fax: (404) 651-1416. E-mail: cherniak{at}gsu.edu.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, March 1998, p. 146-159, Vol. 5, No. 2
1071-412X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Frases, S., Pontes, B., Nimrichter, L., Viana, N. B., Rodrigues, M. L., Casadevall, A. (2009). Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans grows by enlargement of polysaccharide molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 1228-1233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McFadden, D. C., De Jesus, M., Casadevall, A. (2006). The Physical Properties of the Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans Suggest Features for Capsule Construction. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 1868-1875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, Z. L., Netski, D., Thorkildson, P., Kozel, T. R. (2006). Binding and Internalization of Glucuronoxylomannan, the Major Capsular Polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, by Murine Peritoneal Macrophages. Infect. Immun. 74: 144-151 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Griffith, C. L., Klutts, J. S., Zhang, L., Levery, S. B., Doering, T. L. (2004). UDP-glucose Dehydrogenase Plays Multiple Roles in the Biology of the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 51669-51676 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moyrand, F., Chang, Y. C., Himmelreich, U., Kwon-Chung, K. J., Janbon, G. (2004). Cas3p Belongs to a Seven-Member Family of Capsule Structure Designer Proteins. Eukaryot Cell 3: 1513-1524 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Hermoso, D., Dromer, F., Janbon, G. (2004). Cryptococcus neoformans Capsule Structure Evolution In Vitro and during Murine Infection. Infect. Immun. 72: 3359-3365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McFadden, D. C., Zaragoza, O., Casadevall, A. (2004). Immunoreactivity of Cryptococcal Antigen Is Not Stable under Prolonged Incubations in Human Serum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 2786-2788 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McFadden, D. C., Casadevall, A. (2004). Unexpected Diversity in the Fine Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies That Use the Same V Region Gene to Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Immunol. 172: 3670-3677 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brandt, S., Thorkildson, P., Kozel, T. R. (2003). Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Immunorecessive Epitopes of Glucuronoxylomannan, the Major Capsular Polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans. CVI 10: 903-909 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Himmelreich, U., Somorjai, R. L., Dolenko, B., Lee, O. C., Daniel, H.-M., Murray, R., Mountford, C. E., Sorrell, T. C. (2003). Rapid Identification of Candida Species by Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and a Statistical Classification Strategy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4566-4574 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bose, I., Reese, A. J., Ory, J. J., Janbon, G., Doering, T. L. (2003). A Yeast under Cover: the Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot Cell 2: 655-663 [Full Text]  
  • Kozel, T. R., Levitz, S. M., Dromer, F., Gates, M. A., Thorkildson, P., Janbon, G. (2003). Antigenic and Biological Characteristics of Mutant Strains of Cryptococcus neoformans Lacking Capsular O Acetylation or Xylosyl Side Chains. Infect. Immun. 71: 2868-2875 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Duro, R. M., Netski, D., Thorkildson, P., Kozel, T. R. (2003). Contribution of Epitope Specificity to the Binding of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans and the Soluble Form of Its Major Polysaccharide, Glucuronoxylomannan. CVI 10: 252-258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Netski, D., Kozel, T. R. (2002). Fc-Dependent and Fc-Independent Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by Anticapsular Monoclonal Antibodies: Importance of Epitope Specificity. Infect. Immun. 70: 2812-2819 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bar-Peled, M., Griffith, C. L., Doering, T. L. (2001). Functional cloning and characterization of a UDP- glucuronic acid decarboxylase: The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elucidates UDP-xylose synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.211229198v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • MacGill, T. C., MacGill, R. S., Casadevall, A., Kozel, T. R. (2000). Biological Correlates of Capsular (Quellung) Reactions of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Immunol. 164: 4835-4842 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fries, B. C., Goldman, D. L., Cherniak, R., Ju, R., Casadevall, A. (1999). Phenotypic Switching in Cryptococcus neoformans Results in Changes in Cellular Morphology and Glucuronoxylomannan Structure. Infect. Immun. 67: 6076-6083 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Doering, T. L. (1999). A Unique alpha -1,3 Mannosyltransferase of the Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5482-5488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cleare, W., Cherniak, R., Casadevall, A. (1999). In Vitro and In Vivo Stability a Cryptococcus neoformans Glucuronoxylomannan Epitope That Elicits Protective Antibodies. Infect. Immun. 67: 3096-3107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bar-Peled, M., Griffith, C. L., Doering, T. L. (2001). Functional cloning and characterization of a UDP- glucuronic acid decarboxylase: The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elucidates UDP-xylose synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 12003-12008 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»