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Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 1998, p. 527-530, Vol. 5, No. 4
1071-412X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Lack of Maternal Antibodies to P Serotypes May Predispose Neonates to Infections with Unusual Rotavirus Strains

Madhumati Ramachandran,1,2,* Aarti Vij,1 Ramesh Kumar,1 Bimal K. Das,1 Jon R. Gentsch,2 M. K. Bhan,1 and Roger I. Glass2

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,1 and Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia2

Received 13 January 1998/Returned for modification 9 February 1998/Accepted 19 March 1998

Rotavirus (RV) strains infecting newborns often have unique neutralization antigens (P serotypes) on their outer capsids that are distinct from those found on RV strains that cause diarrhea in older children. We examined the hypothesis that unusual RV strains preferentially infect newborns because the newborns lack maternal neutralizing antibodies to these strains. To test this hypothesis, sera and saliva samples collected from neonates infected with 116E-like (P[11]G9) strains in the maternity ward of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) hospital in New Delhi were tested for neutralizing antibodies against common RV strains and those infecting newborns and these titers were compared with those of newborns who did not become infected (controls). The infected neonates had significantly lower levels of cord blood neutralizing antibodies to 116E than the controls, suggesting that immunity to neonatal RV infection is acquired transplacentally through maternal antibodies. Further, this study confirmed the immunogenicity of the AIIMS neonatal strain 116E, a vaccine candidate, in its ability to evoke a potent RV-specific immunoglobulin A and neutralizing antibody response in serum and saliva among the infected babies. Our findings have important implications for the development of an effective RV vaccine. In India, where G9 strains are common in the community, the use of 116E as a vaccine, together with the rhesus tetravalent vaccine, may provide a broader protection against all the circulating RV serotypes, including serotype G9, which is not represented in the current rhesus RV tetravalent vaccine (G1-G4).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Viral Gastroenteritis Section, MS G04, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: (404) 639-2861. Fax: (404) 639-3645. E-mail: mfr4{at}cdc.gov.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, July 1998, p. 527-530, Vol. 5, No. 4
1071-412X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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